With appropriate product upgrading, synthetic fuels produced from the DCL process can be directly used in the current motor engines. However, similar to other coal liquefaction processes, the DCL process has not been widely commercialized mainly because of economic uncertainty, high CO 2 emission, and high capital cost [1], [2].
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The conversion of coal to products soluble in tetrahydrofuran correlated strongly with the initial rate of gas uptake. The cyclohexane conversion of coal was also catalyzed. ... (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011, 105154. ... A new process for catalytic liquefaction of coal using dispersed MoS2 catalyst ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The DCL process involves adding hydrogen (hydrogenation) to the coal, breaking down its organic structure into soluble products. The reaction is carried out at elevated temperature and pressure (, 750 to 850°F and 1,000 to 2,500 psia) in the presence of a solvent. The solvent is used to facilitate coal extraction and the addition of hydrogen.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Since direct coal liquefaction (DCL) was invented, it has been a promising technology for the efficient utilization of coal resources and the mitigation of the oil crisis. ... on coal and biomass structure and examines the matching relationship between hydrothermal pretreatment and the thermal conversion process. The relationships between ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The liquefaction process of coal and biomass materials, which is known as "Coliquefaction", has not been developed in Malaysia. The yields and quality (especially H/C ratio) of the liquid products obtained from coal under less severe liquefaction conditions (at lower temperature and pressure) can be improved with coliquefaction of coal ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829To meet future demand in motor fuels, coal will play a key role in areas with large coal resources and lacking crude oils. Axens' direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process is available to produce ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The direct coal liquidation is a technology for the clean conversion of coal into light fuel oil and high valueadded chemical products. ... (CoaltoLiquid) [30, 35] and biomass (Biomassto ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829CoaltoLiquids (CTL) is a technology based on the liquefaction of coal using three basic approaches; pyrolysis, direct coal liquefaction (DCL) and indirect coal liquefaction (ICL) [6] . Historical overview. CTL is an old technique, developed at the beginning of the 20 th century and has recently attracted attention once more.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829How DCL differs from XTL. The principal alternative to XTL is direct coal liquefaction (DCL), which is the conversion of coal to liquids without the intervening step of producing synthesis gas. The primary DCL technology is hydroliquefaction, the reaction of coal with hydrogen and/or a hydrogendonor solvent, usually in the presence of a catalyst.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The growing demand for petroleum, accompanied by the declining petroleum reserves and the concerns over energy security, has intensified the interest in direct coal liquefaction (DCL), particularly in countries such as China which is rich in coal resources, but short of petroleum. In addition to a general introduction on the mechanisms and processes of DCL, this paper overviews some recent ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The results showed the price of coal had a more dominant effect on RSP than that of biomass. Different mix ratios and conversion rates led to RSP ranging from /bbl. LCA results indicated that GHG emissions ranged from kg CO2 eq to kg CO 2 eq/1000 MJ of liquid fuel at various biomass to coal mix ratios and ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829ICL includes two steps; in the first step, coal is converted into syngas ( Coal+H2OCO+H2), and during the last step, syngas is synthesized in the presence of a catalyst into liquid fuels.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and process is often known as "Coal to X" or "Carbon to X", where X can be many different hydrocarbonbased products. However, the most common process chain is "Coal to Liquid Fuels" (CTL).
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion C. B. Clifford Chunshan Song Chemistry 2011 Abstract: This chapter focuses on liquefaction of solids, primarily coal and biomass sources such as lignin. In a twostep process the molecular structure is broken into fragments and hydrogenated,. Expand 4
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829In recent years, the liquefaction potential of coals has been investigated to increase the yield of coal conversion processes and the quality of liquid fuels obtained from coal. However, the liquefaction process of coal and biomass materials known as coliquefaction has not been developed in Malaysia.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCL) commonly refers to catalytic hydrogenation of coal in a recycled oil solvent at high pressures with a catalyst. While a range of process configurations have been proposed, the most common version involves at least two high pressure slurry reactors in a series using a dispersed ironbased catalyst and hydrogen ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829In this process, coal with moderate amount of biomass is converted into syncrude through reaction with Hdonor solvent and gaseous hydrogen in a catalytic twostage liquefaction unit.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The separate characterization of biomass, coal, and their respective chars aimed at identifying the effect of sodium during different stages of combustion. ... Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is a main pathway for converting lowrank coals into energy via thermochemical transformation [713], and DCL technology refers to conversion of solid ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Fingerprint Abstract This chapter focuses on liquefaction of solids, primarily coal and biomass sources such as lignin. In a twostep process the molecular structure is broken into fragments and hydrogenated, increasing the hydrogentocarbon ratio and preventing retrogressive reactions.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829This article is cited by 42 publications. Tengfei Yang, Congcong Liu, Wenan Deng, Chuan Li, Liyong Gan, Qingshan Niu. Influence of the Iron Proportion on the Efficiency of an OilSoluble NiFe Catalyst Applied in the Coliquefaction of Lignite and Heavy Residue.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829A previous paper has shown that direct coal liquefaction in the absence of a catalyst consists of two distinct stages which are readily ... A kinetic model for the liquefaction processes based on these observations is introduced. ... Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011, 105154. https://doi ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The main examples of indirect liquefaction methods for converting biomass to liquid fuel employ synthesis gas as their feedstock. The majority of these processes were originally developed for the conversion of coal and natural gas to liquid products. Technically, however, they should work equally well using synthesis gas produced from oxygen gasification.
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829The Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC), in partnership with the Department of Energy (DOE) and Accelergy Corporation, an advanced fuels developer with technologies exclusively licensed from ExxonMobil, undertook Subtask to design, build, and preliminarily operate a benchscale direct coal liquefaction (DCL) system capable of converting 45 pounds/hour of pulverized, dried ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Coal can also be liquefied directly into liquid fuels through direct coal liquefaction (DCL) processes at around 450500 °C under 1530 MPa H 2 in a suitable solvent with appropriate catalysts [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. In many processes, the solvent used can facilitate the heat and mass transfer during chemical reactions, and function as a ...
WhatsApp: +86 18838072829Generally, Fig. 1 shows the distinct difference between the direct and indirect liquefaction processes. Importantly, DCL consists of many steps for the conversion of coal to PA (preasphaltenes) and AS (asphaltenes), and subsequently to gas, oil, and residue [60]. Download : Download highres image (180KB) Download : Download fullsize image ...
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